Iaeaieuoay caaieaaaaiinou ?I? (80-100 ia 100 000 ?ai-
neiai ianaeaiey) i?eoiaeony ia oaeea no?aiu, eae Aaeeeia?eoa-
iey, Aaiey, Kaiaaa, NOA [12,17]. Ii yenia?oiui ioaieai, i?i-
aaaaiiui AIC, e 2000 a. a ie?a aoaao a?aaiaii ?aaeno?e?iaaou-
ny io 800 oun. ai 1 iei. aiiau caaieaaoeo ?I? ?aiuei. A ?in-
nee caaieaaaaiinou ?I? ie?a e ninoaaeyao 33,5 ia 100 000
?aineiai ianaeaiey. I?e?ai ea?aue aia ?enei aieuiuo ?I?
oaaee?eaaaony ia 3%, a a noa?oeo aic?anoiuo a?oiiao ia 7%, ?oi
a oaeii ninoaaeyao nauoa 34 oun. aieuiuo a?aaiaii [7-9].
A nayce n iaoeeiiiui ?inoii caaieaaaaiinoe oaaee?eeinu e
?enei oia?oeo io ?I?. Nia?oiinou ninoaaeea 13% io iauaai
?enea oia?oeo io ?aea [5]. Iniiaiay i?e?eia nia?oe aieuiuo
?I? — iaoanoace?iaaiea. Ii aaiiui I.A. Kai?aoiaie (1986),
a oa?aiea 5 eao iinea ?aaeeaeuiiai ea?aiey io aaia?aeeciaai-
iiai iaoanoace?iaaiey oie?a?o io 33 ai 57% aieuiuo.
Iaeaieaa ?anoi ?I? iaoanoace?oao a einoe. Eiaiii ?I?
aaao 70% anao iaoanoacia a einoyo i?e iieieiae?aneeo caaiea-
aaieyo [15]. Ii aaiiui ?aciuo aaoi?ia, ?anoioa iaoanoace?iaa-
iey ?I? a einoe ninoaaeyao io 13,5 ai 85%. Noieu aieuoay ?ac-
ieoa iauyniyaony oai, ?oi, anee a iaieo neo?ayo ?anoioa iaoa-
noace?iaaiey ?ann?eouaaeanu ia iniiaa anaai ianneaa aieuiuo
?I? [1,2,6,12,25], oi a a?oaeo — ii aooiinee [5,9,11,13,30].
Aieaaie neia?ii, iaoieiae?aneea ia?aeiiu, ia?ooaiea aae-
aaoaeuiie ooieoee — aio oaae aieuiuo ?I? n iaoanoacaie a
einoyo. Anoaao aii?in — a eaeia auoia ec nicaaaoaeny neooa-
oee? I?aaiia?ii ee iiei?aiea, eiaaa yoe aieuiua i?ecia?ony
aaciaaa?iuie e i?aainoaaey?ony naie naaa, eiay a ia?niaeoe-
aa o?aniua aiee e nia?ou a ioeao? Eee ?a a?a?e-iieieiae, en-
iieucoy aanu a?naiae niaoeoe?aneie i?ioeaiiiooieaaie oa?a-
iee, iiaoo iaeaa?eou eo no?aaaiey? Oai aieaa, ?oi eo aicii?ii-
noe ?anoe?eeenu n aiaa?aieai a i?aeoeeo oa?aiee ioe?uouie
?aaeiecioiiaie.
?aaeiecioiiu eia?o eeai i?e?iaiia i?ienoi?aaiea, eeai
yaey?ony i?iaoeoii yaa?iie ?aaeoee. Iie iaonoie?eau e ?an-
iaaa?ony ia ai?a?iea yeaiaiou n aunaiai?aaieai eiiece?o?-
uaai eceo?aiey. I?iaoeou ?aniaaa ii?ii iauaaeieou a o?e ea-
oaai?ee eiiece?o?uaai eceo?aiey:
?
— ?anoeou, eioi?ua iaeaaa?o aunieie aeieiae?aneie ae-
oeaiinou?, ii e ainoaoi?ii ieceie i?iieea?uae niiniaiinou?
(50-60 ii);
?
— ?anoeou, eioi?ua eia?o oaeo? ?a aeieiae?aneo? aeoea-
iinou, ?oi e ?aioaaiianeea eo?e e i?iieea?uo? niiniaiinou a
ianeieuei ieeeeiao?ia;
?
— eo?e, eioi?ua eia?o oaeo? ?a aeieiae?aneo? aeoea-
iinou, ?oi e ?aioaaiianeea eo?e, ii iaeaaa?o o?a i?iieea?uae
niiniaiinou? a ianeieuei iao?ia.
Aieuoeinoai ecioiiia, eioi?ua eniieuco?ony a eeeie?aneie
i?aeoeea, yaey?ony
?
- e
?
- eceo?aoaeyie;
?
— eo?e iiaoo auou ae-
coaeuii ca?aaeno?e?iaaiu n iiiiuu? aaiia-eaia?u, ?oi ii-
caieyao ii?aaaeeou ciiu caoaaoa ecioiia a iaoanoaoe?aneeo i?a-
aao. Ii ec-ca ?ani?ino?aiaiey eo?ae ca i?aaaeu oaea iie o?aao-
?o ?aoaiey ?aaeii?ioaeoi?iuo i?iaeai.
Ecioii aie?ai iaeaaaou aunieie niaoeoe?aneie aeoeaiinou?.
A?oaeie neiaaie, yeaiaio n aunieie niaoeoe?aneie aeoeaiinou?
ii?ao eniieuciaaouny a iaaieuoeo eiee?anoaao aey ainoe?aiey
niioaaonoao?uae aicu eceo?aiey. N a?oaie noi?iiu, yeaiaio n
ieceie niaoeoe?aneie aeoeaiinou? aoaao o?aaiaaou cia?eoaeuii
aieuoaai eiee?anoaa aey ainoe?aiey oaeie ?a aicu eceo?aiey.
Aeaaiia i?aeiouanoai ?aaeiecioiiiie oa?aiee caee??aaony
a oii, ?oi yoi nenoaiiia ea?aiea, eioi?ia a ?aaiie noaiaie aic-
aaenoaoao eae ia iaieoanoe?o?uea, oae e ia noaeeeie?aneea
iaoanoaoe?aneea i?aae. N?aaieaay n iaoiaii «oe?ieiiieuiie»
aenoaioeiiiie eo?aaie oa?aiee, noaiiaeony i?aaeaiui, ?oi ia-
oia ecioiiiie oa?aiee iaiaa oiene?ai e aieaa i?ino — aaiaeu-
iay eiuaeoey a n?aaiaiee ni nei?iui ia?o?iui iaeo?aieai.
Iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi caueoiua ia?ii?eyoey a ?aaiie noa-
iaie iinyo eiiieaeniue oa?aeoa?. Iiaoaa?aeou, ?oi ecioii ii-
iae a i?aaieci e i?iecieaao caoaao i?aia?aoa a einoyo, ii?ii
a ?yaa neo?aaa n iiiiuu? aaiia-eaia?u.
Iiieii ainoieinoa ?aaeiecioiiiay oa?aiey eiaao e iaain-
oaoee. Aeaaiay i?e?eia oiene?iinoe ea?aiey naycaia n aeoooc-
iui iiaeiuaieai ?aaeiecioiiiie aicu einoiui iicaii, a ?a-
coeuoaoa ?aai iiaoo i?iecieoe cia?eoaeuiua iia?a?aaiey noai-
eiauo ?inoeia. ?aaeiaeieiae?aneea yooaeou ea?aiey ?aaeieci-
oiiaie ioee?a?ony io oaeiauo i?e ia?o?iii iaeo?aiee: yoa ai-
ca iaeo?aiey iiaaiaeony a oa?aiea i?iaie?eoaeuiiai ia?eiaa
a?aiaie, ii i?e yoii inoaaony ieceie. Ieceay aica iaeo?aiey
aeieiae?anee iaiaa yooaeoeaiay, ?ai aunieay e iicaieyao iio-
oieaaui eeaoeai ainnoaiiaeouny io eo?aaiai iia?a?aaiey, ii
eeeie?aneay ainoiaa?iinou aaiiiai oaeoa a ea?aiee einoiuo
iaoanoacia inoaaony niiieoaeuiie.
?aaeiecioiiu, eniieucoaiua aey ea?aiey einoiuo iaoanoa-
cia, iiaoo ioiineouny e aaoi eaoaai?eyi:
•
niaoeoe?aneea aey iniauo oeiia iiooieae — eia-
131
I , MIBG-
131
I;
•
niaoeoe?aneea aey einoiuo ii?a?aiee: oinoi?-
32
?, no?ii-
oee-
89
Sr, naia?ee-
153
Sm, eoo?ee-
90
Y, ?aiee-
136
Re. Ecioiiu, ei-
oi?ua eniieuco?ony aey ea?aiey iaoanoacia ?I? a einoyo,
ioiinyony e a?oiia einoii-niaoeoe?iuo.
?aaeiaeoeaiue oinoi? (
32
?) aue iaiei ec ia?auo niaoeoe?-
iuo ecioiiia, eniieucoaiuo a iaaeoeia. Yoio ecioii aia?aua
aue i?eiaiai a ea?aiee y?eo?ioeoica, eiaaa iia aaenoaeai ii-
neaaiaai cia?eoaeuii nieceeanu au?aaioea y?eo?ioeoia a ?a-
coeuoaoa caoaaoa ecioiia einoiui iicaii.
32
? yaeyaony ?enoui
aaoa-eceo?aoaeai n ia?eiaii iieo?aniaaa 14,3 aiae. Aaoa-?an-
oeou eia?o iaeneiaeuio? yia?ae? 1,7 IyA n i?iieea?uae
niiniaiinou? a ianeieuei ii. Ionoonoaea aaiia-eceo?aiey i?e
?aniaaa
32
? icia?aao iaaicii?iinou aecoaeuiiai iaae?aaiey,
ii a oi ?a a?aiy enee??aao i?iaeaiu ?aaeaoeiiiie caueou.
Ia?aua naaaaiey ia eniieuciaaiee ?aaeiaeoeaiiai oinoi?a a
ea?aiee einoiuo iiooieae aaoe?iaaiu 1941 aiaii, eiaaa ii en-
iieuciaaeny i?e einoiuo iaoanoacao ?I? e inoaiaaiiie na?ei-
ia [20]. N oao ii? iiyaeyeenu ia?eiae?aneea noaoue, a eioi?uo,
n iaiie noi?iiu, iiaoaa??aaeanu yooaeoeaiinou
32
?, ii, n a?o-
aie noi?iiu, ioia?aeinu cia?eoaeuiia oiene?aneia aicaaenoaea
ia einoiue iica. I?aai?eieiaeenu iiiuoee niaianoiiai i?e-
iaiaiey
32
? n oanoinoa?iiii, noeioee?o?uei einoiue iica. Ii-
neaaiea niiauaiey ii aaiiiio iiaoiao, eiaaa iinea aaaaaiey
oanoinoa?iia ea?aua 4 aiy iacia?aeinu 444 MAe
32
?, naeaaoaeu-
noao?o i oii, ?oi o 87 % iaoeaioia aieu oiaiuoeeanu [22]. Ii a
oi ?a a?aiy i?iyaeeenu cia?eoaeuiua i?iaeaiu n einoiui
iicaii. Iiiuoee nieceou ieaeioiene?iinou naycaiu n iacia?a-
ieai
32
?-ie?ioinoaoa e
32
?-aeoinoiiaoa [14,19,23,29,32]. Iaei-
?eneaiiua aaiiua ia eniieuciaaiee iaieo i?aia?aoia niiaa
iieacuaa?o ia aunieo? i?ioeaiaieaao? aeoeaiinou, ii, n a?o-
aie noi?iiu, e ia cia?eoaeuio? einoii-iicaiao? oiene?iinou.
No?iioee (
89
Sr) yaeyaony oeie?aneei aiaeiaii eaeuoey, e ei-
aaa ecioii iinooiaao a einoe, ii aee??aaony a ieia?aeuio?
no?oeoo?o. No?iioee i?aeiouanoaaiii iaeaieeaaaony a ianoao
inoaiaeanoe?aneie aeoeaiinoe e a nayce n yoei eiaao i?aeioua-
noaa ia?aa oinoi?ii.
89
Sr yaeyaony aaoa-eceo?aoaeai, i?e?ai
i?iieea?uay niiniaiinou aaoa-eceo?aiey ninoaaeyao 8 ii. Yoi
iicaieyao ecae?aoaeuii iaeo?aou einoe a ianoao caoaaoa. I?aia-
?ao iacia?aaony aioo?eaaiii. Aaee?eia caoaaoa caaeneo io ?an-
i?ino?aiaiiinoe iaoanoaoe?aneiai i?ioanna. Caoaao auaaao
ai
?
euoei o oao iaoeaioia, o eioi?uo eia?ony iaoe?iua einoiua
iaoanoacu e inoaiaeanoe?aneee oei iaoanoace?iaaiey. Oai ia
iaiaa iaiaoiaeii ioiaoeou, ?oi iiiaea inoaieeoe?aneea iaoa-
noacu iiaoo eiaou inoaiaeanoe?aneee eiiiiiaio. No?iioey a ei-
noiuo iaoanoacao iaeaieeaaaony a 2-2,5 ?aca aieuoa, ?ai a ii?-
iaeuiuo einoyo. Iau?iay aica ninoaaeyao 150 MAe. Ii aaiiui
i?iniaeoeaiuo enneaaiaaiee, o 47-75% iaoeaioia ioia?aeinu
oiaiuoaiea aiee [10,21]. Oiaiuoaiea aiee iinea iacia?aiey
no?iioey ianooiaao a ia?eia io 10 ai 20 aiae i?e n?aaiae i?i-
aie?eoaeuiinoe yooaeoa ai 6 ian. Iiaoi?iia ea?aiea ii?ao
i?iaiaeouny oieuei a oao neo?ayo, eiaaa ia auei ca?aaeno?e?i-
aaii iiai?iuo yooaeoia. Yooaeoeaiinou iaoiaa i?eaee?aaony
e oaeiaie i?e iaeo?aiee iieiaeiu oaea i?e aieaa ieceie oiene?-
iinoe, eioi?ay a iniiaiii naycaia n i?eoiayuae ieaeinoi?an-
neae. Iineaaiea aaiiua aeoaioe?o?o aieiaiea ia eniieuciaa-
iee no?iioey a oaeyo i?ioeeaeoeee ?ani?ino?aiaiey einoiie ai-
ee o aieuiuo n ia?ae?iui eieaeuiui aieaaui neia?iiii
[3,18,26,27,28].
441
Àíòîëîãèÿ íàó÷íûõ ïóáëèêàöèé
